Jane Long is often called the “Pioneer Mother of Texas” because she played an important role in the early days of Texas history. Her life was full of adventure and challenges. She moved to Texas with her husband and faced many hardships and dangers. Jane’s strength and courage helped her survive tough times, and she became a key figure in the fight for Texas independence. Her story still inspires people today.
Early Life
Jane Herbert Wilkinson Long was born on July 23, 1798, in Charles County, Maryland. Her parents, Horace and Mary Herbert Wilkinson, were respected members of their community. Jane grew up in a large family with several siblings. Her early life was typical of the time, involving basic education and household chores. These early experiences taught her the importance of hard work and perseverance.
As a child, Jane learned to read and write, skills that were valuable but not always common for girls in her era. She also learned how to manage a household, which would become essential in her later life. Jane’s childhood was a mix of learning and preparation for the challenges she would face as a pioneer.
After her father’s death, her mother relocated their family to the Mississippi Territory in 1811. Unfortunately, her mother passed away just a year later, leaving Jane to stay with her older sister near Natchez. It was in Natchez that she met Dr. James Long, a physician and veteran of the Battle of New Orleans
Jane married James Long in 1815. He was passionate about freeing Texas from Spanish rule and dreamed of creating an independent republic. Jane supported his ambitions and joined him on his journey to Texas, showing her dedication and adventurous spirit.
Journey to Texas
James Long was determined to make Texas an independent republic. In the early 1820s, he organized the Long Expedition to achieve this goal. Jane, always supportive of her husband, decided to accompany him on this dangerous journey. Their move to Texas was driven by James’s vision of a free and independent Texas.
The Long Expedition was a challenging and dangerous mission. The group faced many obstacles, including harsh weather, rough terrain, and hostile encounters with Spanish forces. Despite these difficulties, Jane remained brave and supportive, demonstrating her commitment to her husband’s cause.
During the journey, Jane faced numerous challenges. She had to endure long and difficult travels, often with limited supplies and resources. Additionally, she had to protect her family from various dangers, including attacks and diseases. Jane’s resilience and resourcefulness were crucial in overcoming these hardships.
Life at Bolivar Point
After the failure of the Long Expedition, Jane and her family settled at Bolivar Point, near present-day Galveston, Texas. This new chapter in their lives brought its own set of challenges. Jane had to establish a home in a remote and difficult environment. Her ability to adapt and survive in such conditions showcased her pioneering spirit.
James was captured and killed in Mexico City, but Jane remained unaware of his fate for months. She survived the winter of 1821-1822 with her young daughter and a servant by cleverly creating the impression that the fort was still protected by soldiers With limited supplies, Jane had to hunt, fish, and defend her home from potential threats. Her strength and resourcefulness ensured their survival during this difficult time.
In December 1821, in an ice-covered tent, she gave birth to her daughter, Mary James Long, often considered the first Anglo child born in Texas. This event further solidified Jane’s place in Texas history and highlighted her remarkable ability to persevere through tough times.
Contribution to Texas Independence
Jane’s tenacity prevailed, and by March 1822, she was persuaded by a friend to leave Bolivar Point. She persevered through these hardships and made a significant comeback. By 1832, she had established a thriving hotel in Brazoria, which became a hub for social and political activities. Notably, she hosted a dinner and ball for Stephen F. Austin upon his return from imprisonment in Mexico, highlighting her prominent role in the burgeoning Texas community.
Throughout her life in Texas, Jane attracted numerous admirers and distinguished suitors, including notable figures like Ben Milam, William Travis, Stephen F. Austin, Sam Houston, and Mirabeau B. Lamar. Despite these pursuits, she never remarried, remaining devoted to the memory of her late husband, James Long, until her death on December 30, 1880.
Personal Life and Later Years
After James Long’s death, Jane faced new challenges. She had to manage her household and raise her children alone. Despite these difficulties, Jane continued to thrive. She showed incredible strength and independence, ensuring a stable and prosperous life for her family.
Jane was involved in various business ventures and community activities. She operated a boarding house, managed her land, and participated in local events. Her entrepreneurial spirit and community involvement made her a respected figure in Texas society.
Jane Long lived a long and fulfilling life, passing away on December 30, 1880. Jane Long’s final resting place is in Richmond, Texas, where her gravestone fittingly reads “Mrs. Jane H. Long, The Mother of Texas.” Her contributions to early Texas society established her as a pivotal figure, ensuring she is remembered among the state’s most significant pioneers.
She is often celebrated in Texas history books and local lore as the “Pioneer Mother of Texas.” This title is not just an honorary designation but a recognition of her significant contributions to the state’s early development. In Richmond, Texas, a historical marker stands in her honor, and the Jane Long Elementary School bears her name. Her story continues to inspire new generations of Texans, reminding them of the strength and determination required to build a great state.
Conclusion
Jane Long’s life is a true example of strength, resilience, and determination. Known as the “Pioneer Mother of Texas,” she played an important role in Texas’s early history, overcoming many challenges and contributing significantly to its independence and development. From her early life in Maryland to her journey to Texas, Jane supported her husband’s dream and displayed remarkable bravery.
Jane Long’s survival at Bolivar Point and her active role in Texas’s social and political life show how important she was to the state’s history. Her story continues to inspire people today, celebrating the pioneering spirit that helped build Texas. The memorials and schools named after her remind us of her courage and determination in shaping Texas.
