The Texas film industry has come a long way, and its future looks incredibly bright. With its diverse landscapes, supportive business environment, and a growing number of film studios, Texas has been a favorite filming location for decades – with many believing that Texas could one day rival Hollywood and other major film hubs.
Let’s explore how the Texas film industry has grown to become a major player on the global stage.
Early Films and Companies
The first films made in Texas were simple documentaries of events and activities. The earliest documented film shot in Texas captured the aftermath of the 1900 Galveston hurricane. This footage and scenes of passing trains and oil wells were filmed by G.W. “Billy” Bitzer of the Biograph Company.
One of the earliest film companies in Texas was the Wheelan-Loper Film Company, incorporated in 1908. It was followed by Star-Film, established in San Antonio in 1910 by Gaston Mélies. He chose Texas because of the state’s favorable climate and diverse settings. Star-Film produced about seventy titles before relocating to California.
The Golden Age
Despite early efforts, Texas struggled to compete with the established film hubs of Hollywood and the East Coast. However, the 1950s brought a turning point. Texas’s unique landscapes and growing urban centers began to catch the eye of Hollywood. The state’s wide-open spaces, picturesque small towns, and bustling cities offered a variety of settings that were perfect for filmmakers looking to tell different kinds of stories.
Notable Films of the Era
One of the standout films of this era was “Giant” (1956), directed by George Stevens, starring Elizabeth Taylor, Rock Hudson, and James Dean. This epic drama, set against the backdrop of Texas’s oil boom, showcased the state’s dramatic landscapes and larger-than-life culture. The film was a critical and commercial success, earning multiple Academy Award nominations and cementing Texas’s place in film history.
Another significant film was “The Alamo” (1960), directed by and starring John Wayne. This historical epic told the story of the famous 1836 battle and was filmed on location in Texas. The movie not only highlighted Texas’s historical significance but also demonstrated the state’s capability to support large-scale productions.
Genres During the Golden Age
The Western genre continued to dominate during this period, but Texas was also the setting for other types of films. “Hud” (1963), directed by Martin Ritt and starring Paul Newman, was a gritty drama that delved into the complexities of modern ranch life. The film’s stark portrayal of the Texas landscape and its tough, resilient characters resonated with audiences and critics alike, earning several Academy Awards.
The influence of Westerns on Texas’s film identity was profound. The state’s rugged terrain, iconic cowboy culture, and frontier spirit made it the perfect setting for tales of adventure, conflict, and survival. Movies like “The Searchers” (1956), directed by John Ford and starring John Wayne, captured the essence of the American West. It was one of the films that shaped the Western genre.
However, Texas’s film identity wasn’t limited to Westerns. The state’s growing cities provided the perfect backdrop for contemporary dramas, comedies, and action films. Directors like Richard Linklater, who would later become a key figure in the Texas film scene, began to experiment with different genres and storytelling techniques.
The Boom of the 1980s and 1990s
In 1971, the Texas Film Commission was established, coordinating over 100 movie projects in the 1970s and more than doubling that number in the 1980s.
During the 1980s, the industry expanded significantly, attracting major film productions and establishing new studios that helped cement Texas’s reputation as a key player in the world of filmmaking.
One of the driving forces behind this boom was the state’s commitment to supporting the film industry. Texas offered various incentives and benefits to filmmakers, including tax breaks and funding opportunities. These incentives made Texas an attractive destination for big-budget productions, leading to an influx of movies being shot in the state.
Notable Films of the Era
One of the standout films of the 1980s was “The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 2” (1986), directed by Tobe Hooper. While the original film had gained cult status in the 1970s, the sequel’s production in Texas just showed the state’s growing influence in the horror genre. Another major film was “RoboCop” (1987), directed by Paul Verhoeven. Parts of this futuristic action film were shot in Dallas, showcasing the city’s modern skyline and urban landscape.
During the 1990s, more significant productions were released. “Dazed and Confused” (1993), directed by Richard Linklater, became a cult classic and is often celebrated for its authentic portrayal of Texas youth culture. Linklater, a Texas-born filmmaker, has been a pivotal figure in the state’s film industry, contributing to its growth with his unique storytelling style and focus on local settings.
Another major production was “Apollo 13” (1995), directed by Ron Howard. Although primarily set in space, key scenes were filmed at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. This not only added authenticity to the movie but also showed how Texas is involved in the nation’s space exploration efforts.
The Rise of Texas-Based Production Companies
During this period, several major studios and production companies established operations in Texas. One notable example is the Austin Film Society, founded by Richard Linklater in 1985. This organization has been instrumental in supporting local filmmakers, providing resources, funding, and a sense of community. The rise of independent film festivals, like the South by Southwest (SXSW) Film Festival, also played a crucial role in promoting Texas as a hub for independent filmmaking.
Texas-born filmmakers made significant contributions to the industry during the 1980s and 1990s. Directors like Robert Rodriguez, known for films such as “El Mariachi” (1992) and “Desperado” (1995), brought attention to Texas with their innovative and action-packed films. Rodriguez’s work, often coming with a distinct style and low-budget ingenuity, showed how creative and resourceful Texas filmmakers are.
Besides Linklater and Rodriguez, other Texas natives like Wes Anderson began to emerge during this time. Anderson’s debut film, “Bottle Rocket” (1996), co-written with fellow Texan Owen Wilson, introduced the world to his quirky, meticulous style and further solidified Texas’s reputation for nurturing unique cinematic voices.
The Digital Revolution and Modern Success
The advent of digital technology has made filmmaking more accessible, fostering the growth of independent films and smaller studios in Texas. High-quality digital cameras and editing software have allowed filmmakers to produce professional-looking films on smaller budgets.
Smaller studios have also flourished in Texas, taking advantage of digital technology to produce high-quality films. These studios often focus on unique, locally-inspired stories that might not fit into the mainstream Hollywood mold. For example, Austin-based Troublemaker Studios, founded by Robert Rodriguez, has produced a range of innovative and successful films using digital techniques.
Because modern technology is becoming more accessible, more independent filmmakers have risen in the digital age. Cities like Austin have become hotspots for indie filmmakers, thanks in part to the supportive community and numerous film festivals. The Austin Film Festival and South by Southwest (SXSW) are just two of the many events that celebrate independent cinema, providing a platform for new and emerging talents to showcase their work.
Notable Films of the Era
Recent Texas-based productions have achieved significant success. “Boyhood” (2014), directed by Richard Linklater and filmed over 12 years in various Texas locations, garnered numerous awards and nominations.
Another success story is “The Texas Chainsaw Massacre” (2003), a reboot of the classic horror film. Directed by Marcus Nispel and produced by Michael Bay, this film brought the infamous Texas horror story to a new generation. The production’s success demonstrated Texas’s ability to handle large-scale projects and attract big names in the industry.
The TV series “Friday Night Lights” (2006-2011), set and filmed in Texas, is another great example. This critically acclaimed series, based on the book by H.G. Bissinger, captured the essence of small-town Texas life and the passion for high school football. The show’s success helped to cement Texas’s reputation as a prime location for television production.
Economic Impact of the Texas Film Industry
The Texas film industry has experienced impressive growth, significantly boosting state revenue and job creation. This is how the film industry in Texas enhanced the state’s economy:
Boosting Local Economies through Film Production
Film production significantly boosts local economies, as about 50% of a production’s budget is spent in the location filming area. This means money flows into the community through the use of local film professionals, talent, properties, sound stages, rentals, and various facilities.
While precise figures from before the mid-1970s are hard to come by, in 1977, at least $40 million was spent on film-related goods and services in Texas. This number jumped by about $20 million the following year.
More detailed records from the 1980s show impressive growth. In 1984, gross sales from film and tape-related goods and services reached just over $128.8 million. By 1988, this figure had nearly doubled to over $244 million. During the first half of 1992 alone, gross sales in this sector topped $151 million, underscoring the significant economic impact of the film industry in Texas.
Contribution to State Revenue and Employment
The film industry has been a significant boon to Texas’s economy. The Texas Moving Image Industry Incentive Program (TMIIIP) helps attract film projects that generate millions in revenue for the state. Between 2012 and 2017, the employment rate in the industry grew by nearly 37.5%. Although there was a slight drop during the pandemic, the industry is bouncing back, with major projects from companies like HBO employing thousands and adding significant value to the job market.
In-State Spending and Local Communities
Film productions in Texas spend heavily on local services, crew, and supplies, greatly benefiting local economies. Communities certified by Film Friendly Texas have seen economic growth thanks to these projects. The Texas Media Production Alliance supports in-state spending, ensuring that a significant portion of the budget goes to local vendors and workers. This inflow of money boosts small businesses and fosters economic stability. New studio projects in areas like Austin further diversify and strengthen the local economy.
Government Incentives and Community Support
Government incentives have played a crucial role in attracting filmmakers to Texas. Programs like the Texas Moving Image Industry Incentive Program (TMIIIP) provide grants to productions that meet specific criteria, lowering the cost of filming in the state. The Texas Film Commission supports filmmakers with location scouting, permitting, and connecting them with local talent and crew.
Community support is also vital. Organizations like the Austin Film Society, founded by Richard Linklater, offer grants, training, and resources to filmmakers. Film festivals such as South by Southwest (SXSW) and the Austin Film Festival provide platforms for filmmakers to showcase their work and network with industry professionals.
Overview of the Incentive Program
The TMIIIP offers a cash grant to qualifying productions, including film, television, commercials, animation, visual effects, and video games. These grants are based on a percentage of spending in Texas, with up to 22.5% available for eligible expenses. The program aims to create job opportunities and stimulate economic activity within the state.
Impact on Texas Film Production
Since its inception, the TMIIIP has significantly impacted Texas film production. From 2007 to 2022, the program generated approximately $1.95 billion in economic impact, with a return on investment of 504%, according to the Texas Film Commission. It contributed $555 million to the economy from the film industry alone and supported over 18,000 jobs. This growth highlights the program’s importance in attracting high-profile productions and creating a thriving film industry in Texas.
Comparison to Incentives in Other States
When compared to states like New Mexico, Georgia, and Louisiana, the TMIIIP offers competitive incentives. New Mexico provides rebates up to 25%, Georgia offers up to 30%, and Louisiana has incentives up to 40%. While Texas’s incentives might seem lower, the state’s infrastructure and resources make it an attractive location for filmmakers. Texas has allocated significant funding, such as $200 million in recent years, to ensure the program remains robust and competitive. This funding helps maintain Texas’s position as a leading destination for film and other moving image productions.
Future Outlook of the Texas Film Industry
The future of the Texas film industry looks promising, with many believing it could one day rival Hollywood and other major film hubs like Georgia and New Mexico. The state’s business-friendly environment, diverse locations, and a growing array of studios are key factors driving this optimism. However, increasing financial incentives and long-term planning are crucial for Texas to stay competitive.
The Importance of Financial Incentives
While Texas offers a supportive business environment, its current incentive programs are less competitive than those in other states. The Texas Moving Image Industry Incentive Program (TMIIIP) provides grants and rebates, but this system is less appealing compared to the tax credit programs in states like Georgia and Louisiana. Texas’s lack of a state income tax complicates the creation of a tax credit program, making it challenging to match the incentives offered by other states.
However, the recent allocation of $200 million to the TMIIIP is a significant step forward. Previously, the program was underfunded, making it difficult to sustain long-term projects. The new funding has made Texas more competitive and capable of accommodating more productions, boosting the local economy and job market.
Economic Impact and Job Creation
The increased funding for the TMIIIP is expected to have a substantial economic impact. For every dollar invested in the program, there’s an estimated return of $5.20 in economic spending. The $200 million allocation could mean over a billion dollars flowing into Texas’s economy through film, television, and video game projects. This influx supports local businesses and creates numerous jobs, fostering economic stability across the state.
Long-term Sustainability
Texas needs a stable and consistent incentive program to ensure the film industry’s long-term growth. Currently, funding for the TMIIIP must be approved every two years, creating uncertainty for major industry players considering long-term investments. Advocacy groups like the Texas Media Production Alliance (TXMPA) are working with state officials to develop a more sustainable strategy that balances the needs of the industry with those of Texas taxpayers.
Embracing Innovation
Looking ahead, Texas aims to stay at the forefront of technological advancements in filmmaking. Educational institutions like Texas A&M and the University of Texas are investing in virtual production facilities, training the next generation of filmmakers in the latest technologies. This commitment to innovation ensures that Texas will continue to be a leader in the film industry, adapting to new trends and maintaining its competitive edge.
Conclusion
The future of the Texas film industry is full of potential. With its unique blend of beautiful landscapes, supportive business climate, and growing film infrastructure, Texas is poised to become a major film and TV production hub.
